Disasters directly affect the health of the population resulting in physical trauma, severe illness, and emotional trauma. In addition, catastrophe can increase morbidity and mortality associated with chronic disease and infectious disease through impacts on health care systems. Each year, billions of people all around the world are affected by a natural and man-made catastrophes. Typhoons, hurricanes, heavy rains, and earthquakes resulted in tens of thousands of deaths and many more people were affected. In fact, catastrophes would not be catastrophic if they did not affect the human population. Throughout history, catastrophes have had a significant impact on population size, health status, and lifestyles. It causes: deaths, serious injuries, need for extensive treatment, increased risk of infectious diseases, damage to health facilities, damage to water systems, food shortages, and population movements. catastrophe and Their Impact on Public Health
Health and Economic Loss
Health and economic losses from natural disasters disproportionately affect developing countries. More than 90 percent of these are related to natural disasters. deaths—and primarily affect the poor within them. Countries though have an overall economic loss in dollars. The percentage of losses is higher in developed countries. Relative to Gross National Product in developing countries. It is more than developed countries. The authors focused on natural disasters, which are caused by natural forces rather than actions associated with human behavior and which affect a large population over a wide geographic area. While describing the general effects of disasters on health, it does not pretend to cover every emergency. Disasters are an important public health problem. However, to date, there is little evidence of what happens when communities and populations experience multiple disasters.
Reviews on Disasters
This scoping review identified literature on the effects of multiple disasters published up to 2 August 2021, 1425 articles were identified, of which 150 articles were included. We analyzed the direct and indirect public health implications of several disasters. Our analysis suggests that exposure to multiple disasters can affect mental health, physical health, and well-being, with some evidence that the potential risks of multiple disasters are greater than exposure to a single disaster. We also identified indirect public health implications of exposure to multiple disasters, related to changes in health care facilities, changes in public risk perception, and government responses to multiple disasters. We present methodological challenges and directions for future research in the study of community recovery and multiple disasters. Few countries are immune to public health risks from hazardous chemicals (from pesticides to industrial byproducts) or radioactive waste. Technological threats are rapidly increasing in scale.
Effects of Disasters
The unorganized industrialization of developing countries and the globalization of the chemical industry, suggest. That can be a major source of chemical emergencies. Disasters in the 21st Century. Media depictions of disaster preparedness highlight immediate needs, such as clothing, food, shelter, and access to medical care. Long after the flashing lights of the news media turn to another natural disaster, however, survivors of the previous disaster may be experiencing health problems.
First responders must prepare not only for the immediate effects of natural disasters but also for long-term health consequences. Here are some of the most long-lasting effects of natural disasters. While some natural disasters have high injury rates, most result in power outages and infrastructure damage that can cause problems for patients with chronic diseases. People living with diabetes, kidney disease, lung disease, or other conditions that require constant care will often be the first to suffer when health care services are disrupted.
Rescue
Community health workers may need to set up temporary triage areas to treat the injured, depending on the extent to which local infrastructure has been affected. Earthquakes result in more injuries than other events such as tsunamis, floods, tornadoes, or wildfires. Additional potential health impacts emerge when a natural disaster destroys infrastructure such as roads, water pipes, and gas lines. Diseases can spread due to contaminated water and non-functioning sewage systems. Persistent power outages can lead to food shortages, missing medicines, and the inability to safely operate health care facilities. Anything from prolonged power outages to physical damage to hospitals and other healthcare facilities can lead to public health crises for citizens. Medicines are wasted, equipment is damaged or destroyed, and hospital facilities are unable to adequately treat patients.
Facts
Many people may also flee the area after a disaster, not to mention the lack of health facilities. And with fewer residents, there is sometimes less incentive to rebuild broken health care infrastructure. In 2017, natural disasters in the U.S. caused at least $306 billion in losses. It was the costliest year on record, according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). During 2017 there were 16 separate incidents that each caused more than $1 billion in losses. Some of these record-breaking events included the most destructive wildfires in California history. Hurricane Harvey; Hurricane Maria; and flooding in Oklahoma, Missouri, and Arkansas. Residual problems arising from a natural disaster are those that often have long-term consequences.
Most people are familiar with the immediate response to natural disasters. Measures aimed at preventing the effects of the disaster itself. A variety of emergency interventions are needed to stabilize the most affected populations. Every year millions of people are affected by both man-made and natural disasters. Disasters must include explosions, earthquakes, floods, hurricanes, tornadoes, or fires. In a disaster, you face the risk of death or bodily injury. The amount of exposure to adversity is strongly associated with the risk of future mental problems. Most at risk are those who undergo self-destruction.